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Did you know that the seed sold to feed goldfinches isn�t (and never has
been!) thistle seed? It is nyjer seed. The label often given to this small black
seed � thistle � is not only confusing, it�s incorrect. The niger plant, with
its yellow flower, is not related to the purple-flowered thistle, the large,
hardy weed quite unloved by farmers and gardeners alike.
Niger plants have been grown in Ethiopia, Myanmar and India for centuries, where
probably three-fourths of the crop is crushed and used as edible oil. The name
may have come from the river Niger that flows for some 2600 miles through the
northern parts of the continent. Recently the name �nyjer� has been trademarked
and should be used to identify seed sold to feed goldfinches.
Nyjer has had its problems through the years in ways other than what it is
called. By 1985, the majority of nyjer seed imports arriving on the east coast
were found to contain �dodder.� To devitalize this noxious weed, steam treating
for 15 minutes at 212�F. was made a mandatory �condition of entry.� Nearly 10
years later, importation came to a dead halt when nine noxious weeds and eight
disease-associated weeds were identified. To devitalize any weed seed that might
be present, the steam-treating temperature was raised to 250�F.
With a new name and undesirable weeds no longer a problem, nyjer seed continues
to be the preferred food of a backyard favorite�the American goldfinch.
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